檢視靜志居詩話/卷一/明莊烈帝的原始碼

<h3 class="th3a"><span class="條題">明莊烈帝</span></h3>
<p class="附傳"><span class="專名">明莊烈帝</span>諱<span class="專名">由檢</span>，<span class="專名">光宗</span><span class="專名">貞皇帝</span>第五子。<span class="專名">天啟</span>七年，以<span class="專名">信王</span>入踐位。建元<span class="專名">崇禎</span>。臨御十七年。寇陷<span class="專名">京師</span>，殉社稷，葬<span class="專名">思陵</span>。</p>
<p><span class="專名">思陵</span>聖學時敏，甲乙之夜，不輟經書。又妙解音律，嘗於深宮鳴琴，製<span class="書名">於變時雍</span>之曲。躬幸太學，御經筵，會稡四聲之書，特擢五經之士，用人惟己，立賢無方。萬幾餘暇，灑墨為行草書，龍跳虎臥。嘗書『視民如傷，望道未見』八字於便殿。詩不多作，然長箋小扇，往往流傳人間。其最傳者，賜<span class="專名">秦良玉</span>、<span class="專名">楊嗣昌</span>五絕句也。<span class="專名">良玉</span>者，<span class="專名">石砫</span>掌印宣撫使。其兄<span class="專名">邦屏</span>、<span class="專名">邦翰</span>皆以援<span class="專名">遼</span>力戰死，幼弟<span class="專名">民屏</span>，被創潰圍出，歸不能視事。諸部以<span class="專名">良玉</span>忠勇多大略，遂襲宣撫使。敗<span class="專名">奢崇明</span>于<span class="專名">佛圖關</span>，破<span class="專名">安邦彥</span>于<span class="專名">平越</span>，功居第一。<span class="書名">野紀</span>謂<span class="專名">良玉</span>有男妾數十人，而<span class="專名">夔州</span><span class="專名">李吉士</span><span class="專名">長祥</span>力辯其誣。謂<span class="專名">川</span>撫嘗遣<span class="專名">陸綿州</span><span class="專名">遜之</span>按行諸營，<span class="專名">良玉</span>冠帶飾佩刀出見，設饗禮。酒數巡，論兵事，<span class="專名">遜之</span>誤曳其袖，<span class="專名">良玉</span>引佩刀自斷之，其嚴肅若是。<span class="專名">張獻忠</span>僭號<span class="專名">四川</span>，<span class="專名">良玉</span>號咷曰：『吾兄弟三人皆死王事，吾以一婦人受國恩二十年，不幸至此，其敢以餘年事逆賊哉！』悉召所部約曰：『有從賊者殺無赦。』<span class="專名">獻忠</span>鑄金印齎之易其官，不為動。賊黨無敢入其境者。亦勝於丈夫矣。<span class="專名">思陵</span>葬日，皇朝未收<span class="專名">江南</span>，<span class="專名">福藩</span>稱制，遙上帝諡曰：紹<span class="專名">天繹道剛明恪儉揆文奮武敦仁懋孝烈皇帝</span>。廟號<span class="專名">思宗</span>。后諡曰：<span class="專名">孝節貞肅淵恭莊毅奉天靖聖烈皇后</span>。尋改帝廟號曰<span class="專名">毅宗</span>。<span class="專名">唐藩</span>稱制，復改<span class="專名">威宗</span>。皇朝<span class="專名">順治</span>初，更諡帝曰：<span class="專名">欽天守道敏毅敦儉宏文襄武體仁致孝懷宗端皇帝</span>。后曰：<span class="專名">孝敬貞烈慈惠莊敏承天配聖端皇后</span>。既而改稱<span class="專名">莊烈愍皇帝</span>。凡五易而後定焉。今神牌所書，即<span class="專名">順治</span>初定一十六字。第其下改書<span class="專名">莊烈愍皇帝</span>云。當<span class="專名">李自成</span>陷<span class="專名">京師</span>，<span class="專名">思陵</span>將殉社稷，傳旨後宮令自裁。而宮監<span class="專名">王永壽</span>從<span class="專名">懿安皇后</span>宮至，白帝曰：『<span class="專名">懿安皇后</span>業自縊矣。』帝連稱『好。好。』乃走<span class="專名">煤山</span>，經於海棠花下。<span class="專名">福藩</span>遙上<span class="專名">懿安皇后</span>諡曰：<span class="專名">孝哀慈靖恭惠溫貞偕天協聖哲皇后</span>。詔云：『既慷慨以捐軀，亦從容以就義。』而<span class="書名">順治實錄</span>於甲申五月，大書葬<span class="專名">明崇禎</span>帝后及<span class="專名">天啟</span>皇后<span class="專名">張氏</span>於<span class="專名">昌平州</span>陵。國史存據，可以無疑。其後有<span class="專名">魏忠賢</span>養女<span class="專名">任氏</span>進之<span class="專名">德陵</span>，立為貴妃。寇亂後，流轉民間，詐稱<span class="專名">天啟</span>皇后。因送于官，光祿寺月有廩給。人遂疑后失節。沈冤莫雪，故附白之。</p>
<p>又按：<span class="專名">明</span>自<span class="專名">太祖</span>至<span class="專名">愍皇帝</span>，累朝多有御製詩文，或傳或不傳，敬錄十帝之詩於卷首。若<span class="專名">武宗</span>南巡，過<span class="專名">鎮江</span>幸大學士<span class="專名">楊一清</span>第，賜以十二詩，命其和韻，自題<span class="專名">錦堂老人</span>。又於<span class="專名">宣府</span>製小詞，有『野花偏有色，村酒醉人多』之句，傳誦人間，惜乎未睹其全也。</p>

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[[Category:明莊烈帝]]
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