檢視碧雞漫志/卷三/02 的原始碼


<span class="書名">涼州曲</span>——<span class="書名">唐史</span>及傳載稱：『<span class="專名">天寶</span>樂曲，皆以邊地為名，若<span class="書名">涼州</span>、<span class="書名">伊州</span>、<span class="書名">甘州</span>之類；曲遍聲繁，名入破；又詔道調法曲與胡部新聲合作。明年，<span class="專名">安祿山</span>反，<span class="專名">涼</span>、<span class="專名">伊</span>、<span class="專名">甘</span>皆陷<span class="專名">土蕃</span>。』史及<span class="書名">開元傳信記</span>亦云：『<span class="專名">西涼州</span>獻此曲，<span class="專名">寧王憲</span>曰：「音始于宮，散于商，成于角、祉、羽。斯曲也，宮離而不屬，商亂而加暴，君卑逼下，臣僭犯上，臣恐一日有播遷之禍。」及<span class="專名">安</span>、<span class="專名">史</span>之亂，世頗思<span class="專名">憲</span>審音。』而<span class="書名">楊妃外傳</span>乃謂：『上皇居南內，夜與妃侍者<span class="專名">紅桃</span>歌妃所製<span class="書名">涼州詞</span>，上因廣其曲。今流傳者益加。』<span class="書名">明皇雜錄</span>亦云：『上初自<span class="專名">巴蜀</span>回，夜來乘月登樓，命妃侍者<span class="專名">紅桃</span>歌<span class="專名">涼州</span>——即妃所製——上親御玉笛為<span class="書名">倚樓曲</span>。曲罷，無不感泣。因廣其曲，傳于人間。』予謂：『皆非也。<span class="書名">涼州</span>在<span class="專名">天寶</span>時已盛行。上皇<span class="專名">巴蜀</span>回居南內，乃<span class="專名">肅宗</span>時，那得始廣此曲？』或曰：『因妃所製詞，而「廣其曲」者亦詞也』，則『流傳者益加』，豈亦詞乎？<span class="書名">舊史</span>及諸家小說謂妃善舞，邃曉音律，不稱善製詞，今<span class="書名">妃外傳</span>及<span class="書名">明皇雜錄</span>所云，夸誕無實。獨帝御玉笛為<span class="書名">倚樓曲</span>，因廣之，流傳人間，似可信，但非<span class="書名">涼州</span>耳。<span class="書名">唐史</span>又云其聲本宮調。今<span class="書名">涼州</span>見於世者凡七宮曲，曰黃鍾宮、道調宮、無射宮、中呂宮、南呂宮、仙呂宮、高宮，不知<span class="書名">西涼</span>所獻何宮也。然七曲中，知其三是<span class="專名">唐</span>曲，黃鍾、道調、高宮者是也。<span class="書名">脞說</span>云：『<span class="書名">西涼州</span>本在正宮，<span class="專名">貞元</span>初，<span class="專名">康崑崙</span>翻入琵琶<span class="專名">玉宸宮</span>調——初進在<span class="專名">玉宸殿</span>，故以命名——合眾樂，即黃鍾也。』予謂：黃鍾即俗呼正宮，<span class="專名">崑崙</span>豈能捨正宮外別製黃鍾<span class="書名">涼州</span>乎？因<span class="專名">玉宸殿</span>奏琵琶，就易美名，此樂工夸大之常態，而<span class="書名">脞說</span>便謂翻入琵琶玉宸宮調。<span class="書名">新史</span>雖取其說，止云：『<span class="專名">康崑崙</span>寓其聲于琵琶，奏于<span class="專名">玉宸殿</span>，因號玉宸宮調，合諸樂，則用黃鍾宮。』得之矣。<span class="專名">張祜</span>詩云：『春風南內百花時，道調<span class="書名">涼州</span>急遍吹，揭手便拈金椀舞，上皇驚笑悖拿兒。』又<span class="書名">幽閒鼓吹</span>云：『<span class="專名">元載</span>子<span class="專名">伯和</span>，勢傾中外。<span class="專名">福州</span>觀察使寄樂妓數十人，使者半歲不得通，窺伺門下有琵琶<span class="專名">康崑崙</span>出入，乃厚遺求通。<span class="專名">伯和</span>一試，盡付<span class="專名">崑崙</span>。<span class="專名">段和上</span>者，自製道調<span class="書名">涼州</span>，<span class="專名">崑崙</span>求譜不許，以樂之半為贈，乃傳。』據<span class="專名">張祜</span>詩，上皇時已有此曲，而<span class="書名">幽閒鼓吹</span>謂<span class="專名">段</span>師自製，未知孰是。<span class="專名">白樂天</span><span class="書名">秋夜聽高調涼州詩</span>云：『樓上金風聲漸緊，月中銀字韻初調，促張弦柱吹高管，一曲<span class="書名">涼州</span>入沈寥。』大呂宮，俗呼高宮，其商為高大石，其羽為高般涉，所謂高調，乃高宮也。史及<span class="書名">脞說</span>又云：『<span class="書名">涼州</span>有大遍、小遍』，非也。凡大曲有散序、靸、排遍、攧、正攧、入破、虛催、實催、袞、遍、歇指、殺袞，<span class="注">一本『實催』下云『滾、拍、遍、歇、殺滾』。</span>始成一曲，此謂大遍。而<span class="書名">涼州</span>排遍，予曾見一本，有二十四段。後世就大曲製詞者，類從簡省，而管弦家又不肯從首至尾吹彈，甚者學不能盡。<span class="專名">元微之</span>詩云：『逡巡大遍<span class="書名">梁州</span>徹』，又云：『<span class="書名">梁州</span>大遍最豪嘈』。及<span class="書名">脞說</span>謂：『有大遍、小遍』，其娛識此乎？
<noinclude>

{{header|title = [[碧雞漫志]]|section=卷三/02|previous = [[碧雞漫志/卷三/01|卷三/01]]|next = [[碧雞漫志/卷三/03|卷三/03]]}}

</noinclude>