檢視碧雞漫志/卷四/04 的原始碼


<span class="書名">水調歌</span>——<span class="書名">理道要訣</span>所載<span class="專名">唐</span>樂曲，南呂商時號水調。予數見<span class="專名">唐</span>人說『水調』，各有不同，予因疑水調非曲名，乃俗呼音調之異名，今決矣。按<span class="書名">隋唐嘉話</span>：<span class="專名">煬帝</span>鑿<span class="專名">汴河</span>，自製<span class="書名">水調歌</span>，即是水調中製歌也。<span class="注">一本云『非水調中製歌也』。</span>世以今曲<span class="書名">水調歌</span>為<span class="專名">煬帝</span>自製，今曲迺中呂調，而<span class="專名">唐</span>所謂南呂商，則今俗呼中管林鍾商也。<span class="書名">脞說</span>云：『水調<span class="書名">河傳</span>，<span class="專名">煬帝</span>將幸<span class="專名">江都</span>時所製，聲韻悲切，帝喜之。樂工<span class="專名">王令言</span>謂其弟子曰：「不返矣」。水調<span class="書名">河傳</span>，但有去聲。』此說與<span class="書名">安公子</span>事相類，蓋水調中<span class="書名">河傳</span>也。<span class="書名">明皇雜錄</span>云：『<span class="專名">祿山</span>犯順，<span class="注">「順」，一作「闕」。</span>議欲遷幸，帝置酒樓上，命作樂，有進<span class="書名">水調歌</span>者曰：「山川滿目淚沾衣，富貴榮華能幾時？不見只今<span class="專名">汾水</span>上，惟有年年秋雁飛。」上問：「誰為此曲？」曰：「李嶠。」上曰：「真才子！」不終飲而罷。』此水調中一句七字曲也。<span class="專名">白樂天</span><span class="書名">聽水調</span>詩云：『五言一遍最殷勤，調少情多似有因，不會當時翻曲意，此聲腸斷為何人？』<span class="書名">脞說</span>亦云：『水調第五遍五言，調聲最愁苦。』此水調中一句五字曲；又有多遍，似是大曲也。<span class="專名">樂天</span>詩又云：『時唱一聲新水調，謾人道是採菱歌。』此水調中新腔也。<span class="書名">南唐近事</span>云：『<span class="專名">玄宗</span>留心內寵，宴私擊鞠無虛日。嘗命樂工<span class="專名">楊花飛</span>奏水調詞進酒，<span class="專名">花飛</span>惟唱「南朝天子好風流」一句，如是數四，上悟，覆杯，賜金帛。』此又一句七字；然既曰命奏水調詞，則是令<span class="專名">楊花飛</span>水調中撰詞也。<span class="書名">外史檮杌</span>云：『<span class="專名">王衍</span>泛舟巡<span class="專名">閬中</span>，舟子皆衣錦繡，自製水調<span class="書名">銀漢曲</span>。』<span class="注">『自製』上，一有『偶』字。</span>此水調中製<span class="書名">銀漢曲</span>也。今世所唱中呂調<span class="書名">水調歌</span>，迺是以俗呼音調異名者名曲，雖首尾亦各有五言兩句，決非<span class="專名">樂天</span>所聞之曲。
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