檢視度曲須知/字釐南北的原始碼

<h3 class="th3a"><span class="條題">字釐南北</span></h3>
<p>北曲肇自<span class="專名">金</span>人，盛於勝國。當時所遵字音之典型，惟<span class="書名">中原韻</span>一書已爾，入<span class="專名">明</span>猶踵其舊。迨後填詞家，競工南曲，而登歌者亦尚南音，入聲仍歸入唱，即平聲中如龍、如皮等字，且盡反<span class="書名">中原</span>之音，而一祖<span class="書名">洪武正韻</span>焉。其或祖之未徹，如朋唱蓬音，玉唱預音，著唱潮音，此則猶帶<span class="書名">中原</span>音響，而翻案不盡者也。邇年來，<span class="專名">沈寧菴</span><span class="專名">王伯良</span>諸公，恪遵王制，釐整字音，而<span class="書名">正韻</span>愈為南字指南。奈時俗趨承之過，甚或以南音溷投北調者有之，如醿字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶梅，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶迷；彼字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶妣，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶卑上聲；謀字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶謨，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶茂平聲；棼字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶焚，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶分；袖字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶囚去聲，<span class="書名">洪武</span>似救切；倫字、<span class="書名">中原</span>驢敦切，<span class="書名">洪武</span>龍春切；犬字、<span class="書名">中原</span>虛遠切，叶萱上聲，<span class="書名">洪武</span>苦遠切，叶勸上聲；鳳字、<span class="書名">中原</span>夫貢切，叶諷，屬陰，<span class="書名">洪武</span>馮貢切，屬陽；話字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶化屬陰，<span class="書名">洪武</span>胡掛切屬陽；幼字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶右屬陽，<span class="書名">洪武</span>伊謬切屬陰；向字、<span class="書名">中原</span>奚降切屬陽，<span class="書名">洪武</span>許亮切屬陰；愛字、<span class="書名">中原</span>昂蓋切屬陽，<span class="書名">洪武</span>於蓋切屬陰；待字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶帶屬陰，<span class="書名">洪武</span>度耐切屬陽；誓字、<span class="書名">中原</span>申智切屬陰，<span class="書名">洪武</span>時智切屬陽；按字、<span class="書名">中原</span>昂幹切屬陽，<span class="書名">洪武</span>於幹切屬陰；擋字、<span class="書名">中原</span>徒浪切屬陽，<span class="書名">洪武</span>丁浪切屬陰；甚字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶深去聲屬陰，<span class="書名">洪武</span>時鴆切屬陽。歷稽叶切，音響逕庭，確當北準<span class="書名">中原</span>，南遵<span class="書名">洪武</span>。乃今度北曲者，遇此等字面，往往涉<span class="書名">洪武</span>南音，乖謬不已甚乎？又考避字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶庳，亦叶備，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶庳；袂字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶謎，亦叶昧，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶謎，是南北俱可唱庳唱謎，而備昧二音，則宜北不宜南矣。悔字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶毀，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶毀，亦叶晦；劘字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶摩，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶摩，亦叶迷；貓字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶毛，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶毛，亦叶苗；檻字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶陷，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶陷，亦叶陷上聲；唇字、<span class="書名">中原</span>池論切，叶陳撮口，<span class="書名">洪武</span>殊倫切，叶人，撮口；是叶晦、叶迷、叶苗，與叶陷上聲，叶人撮口，又宜南不宜北矣。至如皮字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶培，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶琵；披字<span class="書名">中原</span>叶丕，<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶批；浮字、<span class="書名">中原</span>叶扶，<span class="書名">洪武</span>房鳩切；龍字、<span class="書名">中原</span>驢東切，<span class="書名">洪武</span>盧容切；眸字、<span class="書名">洪武</span>叶謀，<span class="書名">中原</span>叶謬平聲；兩韻殊音，南北逈異。此則唱家亦既熟曉，不必更防淆溷。惟是湮本叶因，俗唱煙；緡本叶民，俗唱綿；擋本叶蕩，俗唱黨；睹本叶朵，俗唱妒；妄本叶望，俗唱罔；睽本叶奎，俗唱葵；逵本叶葵，俗唱癯；輦本叶璉，俗唱撚；項本叶向，俗唱杭字去聲；勁本叶敬，俗唱檠字去聲；馴本叶旬，俗唱閏字平聲；誦本詞縱切，俗唱慈縱切；蕤本兒追切，俗唱雖；綰本叶彎上聲，俗唱叶官上聲；婉本於捲切，叶遠，俗唱椀；患本黃慣切，以本銀紀切，也本叶爺上聲，夜本叶爺去聲，俱屬陽，俗並作陰唱。此又韻兩同音，南北匪異，所當概矯俗訛者也。嘗思詞曲先有北，後有南，韻書先有<span class="書名">中州</span>，後有<span class="書名">洪武</span>，南字之間涉中原，雖不當窾，然相仍已非一日。又<span class="書名">正韻</span>字音，如著字、職略切，是字、時吏切，似字、相吏切等類，俱覺不諧時唱，姑借用中原音叶，亦未為不妥。至北曲字面，所為自勝國以來，久奉<span class="書名">中原韻</span>為典型，一旦以南音攪入，此為別字，可勝言哉！志釐剔者，其留意焉。</p>

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