檢視劇話/卷上/05 的原始碼

<p><span class="專名">胡應麟</span><span class="書名">莊岳委談</span>：『優伶戲文，自<span class="專名">優孟</span>抵掌<span class="專名">孫叔敖</span>，實及<span class="專名">漢</span>宦者傅脂粉侍中郎，後世裝旦之漸。<span class="書名">樂府雜錄</span>：「<span class="專名">開元</span>中<span class="專名">黃幡綽</span>、<span class="專名">張野狐</span>善弄參軍。」即後世副淨矣。又「<span class="專名">范傳康</span>、<span class="專名">上官唐卿</span>、<span class="專名">呂敬遷</span>三人弄假婦人」。即裝旦矣。至<span class="專名">後唐莊宗</span>自敷粉墨稱「李天下」，而盛其搬演，大率與近世同；特所演多是雜劇，非近日戲文也。雜劇自<span class="專名">唐</span>、<span class="專名">宋</span>、<span class="專名">金</span>、<span class="專名">元</span>迄<span class="專名">明</span>皆有之。<span class="專名">唐</span>所謂優伶雜劇、裝服套數，觀<span class="專名">蘇</span>中郎、踏搖娘二事可見。<span class="專名">宋</span>雜劇亦然。<span class="專名">元</span>世曲調大興，凡諸雜劇，皆名曲寓焉。教坊名妓多習之。清歌妙舞，悉隸是中。一變而贍縟，遂為戲文。<span class="書名">西廂</span>，戲文之祖也。<span class="書名">西廂</span>雖出<span class="專名">金</span><span class="專名">董</span>解元，然猶絃唱、小說之類；至<span class="專名">元</span><span class="專名">王</span>、<span class="專名">關</span>所撰，乃可登場搬演。<span class="專名">高</span>氏又一變而為南曲。嗣是作者迭興，古昔所謂雜劇、院本，幾于盡廢。』<span class="專名">沈德符</span><span class="書名">顧曲雜言</span>：『<span class="專名">元</span>曲總只四折。自北有<span class="書名">西廂</span>，南有<span class="書名">拜月</span>，雜劇變為戲文，以致<span class="書名">琵琶</span>遂演為四十餘折，幾十倍于雜劇矣。』<span class="專名">涵虛</span>論<span class="專名">元</span>雜劇有十二科：『一、曰神仙道化，二、曰隱居樂道，三、曰被袍秉笏，四、曰忠臣烈士，五、曰孝義廉節，六、曰斥奸罵讒，七、曰逐臣孤子，八、曰撥刀捍捧—即脫膊雜劇，九、曰風花雪月，十、曰離合悲歡，十一、曰煙花粉黛—即花旦雜劇，十二、曰神頭鬼面—即神佛雜劇。』其科猶可考也。</p>
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